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STATE C\PITOL T\.LI \HASSEK 



§t, thtou<^h the ^pCcm^* of moziba. 

p f' • i/.lrSTRATED AND PREPARED RY 

P; H.-'YAYLOR and CHAS. A. CHOATE. 



ISSUED BY THl 



/ 



'ASSENGER DEPARTMENT OF TH 



CENTRAL &WESTERI(R/ILRO/D. 



ILLUSTRATED AND PRINTED FOR THE 

Floiida Central & Western Railroad 

By LEVE & ALDEN'S PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT, 

107 Liberty Street, New York. 



THE ^'S 



Florid/ Central and Weste[[n R/ilro/d. 



OFFICERS. 



>ENJ. S. HENNING, President New York. 

(35 Wall Street, Mills Building.) 

C. D. WILLARD, Vice-Pres't Washington City, D. C. 

L. M. LAWSON, Treasurer New York. 

(102 Broadway.) 

WM. M. DAVIDSON, General Manager Jacksonville, Fla. 

WM. O. AMES, Gen. Fr't and Pass. Agt Jacksonville, Fla. 

THOS. W. ROBY, Cashier Jacksonville, Fla. 

JAS. S. Mcelroy, master of transportation and 

Machinery Tallahassee, Fla. 

JNO. A. HENDERSON, Attorney Tallahassee, Fla. 



^ifim. DEpCBipiION OF TpE LI|lE. " 



w 



HE Florida Central and Western Railroad extends from Jackson- 
ville, Florida, in a direction almost due west, through the counties of 
Duval, Baker, Columbia, Suwannee, (just touching) Hamilton, Madison, 
[h Jefferson, Leon and Gadsden to the Apalachicola river, with a branch 
<^ from Tallahassee through Leon and Wakulla counties to St. Marks in 
Wakulla county, on the tide-waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The length of 
the main line is 209 miles ; length of the St. Marks Branch twenty-one miles, 
and length of Monticello Branch four miles, making a total of 234 miles of track. 

The road is thoroughly equipped with first-class rolling-stock and engines, 
and is kept in condition and operated by a large and competent force of 
minor officials and skilled workmen in every department. 

The road is a consolidated line, being composed of the Florida Central Rail- 
road, from Jacksonville to Lake City; the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
Railroad, from Lake City to Chattahoochee; and the St. Mark's Branch, for- 
merly the Tallahassee Railroad. The road between Lake City and Quincy 
was built in 1S56 ; between Quincy and Chattahoochee in 1871 and '72, 
and the Tallahassee Railroad was built in 1833. The consolidation of the 
roads took place in 1882. The general offices of the consolidated line are 
located in Jacksonville, Fla. The car-shops are at Tallahassee, Fla. 

The distance over the main line is now run in about fifteen hours, or, at the 
rate of about fourteen miles an hour, including stoppages ; but the speed of trains 
running through from Pensacola, over the Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad 
when finished and in operation, will be much greater. 

Besides the manager's car, which is provided with berths, the road owns 
and runs two comfortable sleeping-cars, which have recently been overhauled 
and re-fitted throughout. 

Two daily trains each way are now run : the passenger and express trains 
by night, and the freight and accommodation trains by day. 

The Florida Central and Western Railroad runs through one of the finest 
agricultural regions in the South, and the best and richest section of the State. 



Aside from the orange and cattle interests, the region tributary to this road 
embraces the best and most productive portion of Florida, and the portion 
which is destined in the future to be, as it always has been, the most desir- 
able for the development of all agricultural, horticultural and manufacturing 
interests. 

Th^ scenery along the line of the road is conceded to be the most striking, 
beautiful and picturesque to be found in any portion of the State ; and in 
variety and interest is equal to that of thousands of more famous, because 
better known, localities. There is nothing south of the mountain regions of 
North Georgia and the Carolinas that can compare with the hill country 
of Middle Florida, which has been well-named by a brilliant and talented 
writer, who was familiar with its charms, " Piedmont Florida." 

That portion of the road lying in Duval and Baker counties is the most un- 
interesting, being comparatively fiat and monotonous. On reaching the con- 
fines of Columbia county, a more broken and undulating surface appears, inter- 
spersed with many small lakes, and dotted with occasional groves of live oaks 
and other hard woods. Here the altitude (said to be over 200 feet above the 
sea level) increases, and the evidences of a richer soil multiply rapidly. The 
grade again descends in Suwannee county, which is composed largely of areas 
of dense pine forest, with soil next in value and fertility to the hummock lands; 
being a rich, sandy loam with a clay sub-soil — the soil of all others best suited 
to gardening and fruit culture. 

After crossing the Suwannee river, the indications of change in the charac- 
ter of surface and soil which are manifest in Columbia county multiply ; and 
with Madison county begins Middle Florida, that wonderful region, so different 
in almost every physical characteristic from all other portions of the State as 
to cause the impression that it cannot be Florida ; so widely adverse to every 
preconceived notion and idea of Florida, that the tourist or traveler who, for 
the first time, enters the sleeper at Jacksonville in the evening, and takes his 
first morning peep' from the car windows across the blue waters of Lake La- 
Fayette to the noble hills beyond, can scarcely believe but that he went to sleep 
in Florida, and by some magic beyond his ken has awakened among the blue 
hills of Pennsylvania. 

From the Suwannee to the Apalachicola one description will do for all. 
The soil and surface, so different from any others in the State, are nearly the 
same in all the counties lying along the line of the road. The hills of Madison 
and Jefferson, as seen from the railroad, are not as noticeable as those of Leon 
and Gadsden. The altitude increases as you go westward, and the highest 
point in Middle Florida, and in the State, is near the Apalachicola river, in 
the last-named county. 



To the sportsman, Middle Florida furnishes a rare field for good sport. The 
fields in Winter are full of partridges, and the ponds and lakes abound with fish 
and water-fowl of all kinds. There are some famous shots and a few rare dogs 
in nearly every town and village, and the lover of good sport can scarcely go 
amiss in looking for it. 



--If I]^EI^£Hy:.* 



The following pages contain a detailed description of the entire line of the 
road and its branches, station by station : 

DUVAL COUNTY. 

Jacksonville, the eastern terminus of the Florida Central and Western Rail- 
road, is too well known, and has been too long the great centre from whence 
radiate nearly all lines of Florida travel and tratfic, to make it necessary that 
space should be here devoted to its description. It is, therefore, to the line of 
the road beyond that attention is to be directed by the publication of this little 
pamphlet. 

The first station out, after crossing the line of the Way Cross road, is White 
House, eleven miles from Jacksonville. It is but a flag and water tank station; 
trains stopping for a few minutes only ; going directly on to Baldwin, nineteen 
miles from Jacksonville. Here the track crosses that of the Transit Railroad, and 
passengers south-bound, for Callahan and Fernandina, and south-bound for 
Gainesville, Ocala, Leesburg, Cedar Keys, and all Gulf ports, change cars, 
making good connections. Baldwin is a place of about 250 inhabitants, and 
of but little commercial importance. 

BAKER COUNTY. 

Darbyville, nine miles from Baldwin, and twenty-eight from Jacksonville, is 
situated in the midst of a good belt of timber, and has several saw-mills in 
its vicinity. The soil is suited to the production of vegetables, and the growing 
of these and fruits is receiving considerable attention. 

GLEN ST. MARY. 

The enterprising real estate firm of Coloney, Talbott & Co., of Jacksonville, 
Fla., have put upon the market a tract of splendid, rolling, high pine land, con- 
taining 60,000 acres, lying between Baldwin and Sanderson. This fine tract 



8 

has, for its northern boundary, the St. Mary's River, which flows into the sea 
at Fernandina, about fifty miles distant, and the south fork of this same river 
flows down through the center of the tract, having a clear, limpid current and 
high banks. Messrs. Coloney, Talbott & Co. have named the entire tract 
" Glen St. Mary," a very pretty and attractive name. They have also laid out 
a town site on the banks of the south fork of the St. Mary's, which they call 
" Glen St. Mary," and have built a good hotel there, and will soon have a pretty 
station-house, stores, post-office, schools, churches and dwellings. The soil is 
a rich gray loam underlaid with clay, and all manner of fruits, including the 
orange and peach, do well, while field crops and garden vegetables are unsur- 
passed. It is conceded to be one of the very healthiest localities in the State, and 
peculiarly favorable to persons afflicted with pulmonary or asthmatic disorders. 
Railway connections with Jacksonville — 30 miles distant — and with Fernandina 
are perfect and enable the gardener to ship all of his products promptly. 

Talliaferro's Junction, seven miles from Darbyville and thirty-five from 
Jacksonville, is a station similar to the last named. Two miles further on is 
Sanderson, the county seat of Baker county, thirty-seven miles from Jackson- 
ville. Ten miles beyond is Olustee, near which the battle of Ocean Pond was 
fought during the war — the only engagement of any note, save that of Natural 
Bridge in Wakulla county, which occured east of the Apalachicola during the 
entire war. 

COLUMBIA COUNTY. 

Mount Carrie, five miles from Olustee, has several large saw-mills near it. 
Seven miles from Mt. Carrie, fifty-nine miles from Jacksonville, is Lake City, 
the county seat of Columbia county. This is one of the prettiest towns in tiie 
State. It is almost surrounded by a series of charming little lakelets, which 
give a most pleasing effect to the landscape, and are large enough to afford, be- 
sides unlimited fish, very pleasant sport in the way of sailing and rowing. The 
city contains about 1,500 people, and its prosperity, as well as that of the 
county, is increasing rapidly. There are seven or eight churches and several ex- 
cellent private schools, besides the public schools. Among the former the St. 
James Female Academy, under the charge of Rev. C. S. Snovvden, has a large 
patronage. There are several ginning establishments, and a large saw-mill — 
that of Messrs. Thompson & Hart, which is worthy of notice. It was estab- 
lished in 1874 as a small saw-mill and gin, and gradually extended its business 
until the spring of the present year (1882), when the addition of pew buildings, 
new machinery, etc., made it one of the most complete establishments of its 
kind. Its motive power is a 120-horse power engine of approved pattern, which 
drives, besides, the saws, all manner of iron and wood-working machinery, 



9 

eleven gins for ginning long-staple cotton, and other machinery. The main 
building is of brick, and the saw-mill has a capacity of 25,000 feet per day. 
The gins turn out between 800 and 900 bales of long-staple cotton during the 
season, which extends from September ist to February ist, and the business of 
making fruit and vegetable crates has grown into considerable proportions, 
some 15,000 being manufactured every year. The commerce of Lake City is 
rapidly growing, and a statement of its exports during the year 1882 foots up 
over half-a-million dollars in valuation. 

The Florida Southern Railroad, chartered from Lake City to Charlotte Har- 
bor, is in course of construction, and will add greatly to the material wealth of 
this rich section, developing the interior of the county, and encouraging its 
agricultural interests. 

The La/cc' City Reporter {wfteVXy . Democratic,) is the only newspaper. It is 
owned and conducted by C. A. Finley, Esq., a son of General J. J. Finley, 
whose famed Scuppernong vineyards lie about three miles from town. Lake 
City has some twenty-five or thirty stores, several livery stables, a large car- 
riage factory and other places of business. There are two hotels, the Lake 
City Hotel and the Thrasher House, besides a number of excellent boarding- 
houses. 

The elevation at Lake City is said to be 203 feet ; at Welborn, the next sta- 
tion westward, 209 feet above tide-water. 

SUWANNEE COUNTY. 

Welborn, seven miles from Lake City and seventy-one miles from Jackson- 
ville, has a population of about 150, and is the centre of a large vegetable-grow- 
ing interest ; as also is Houstoun, five miles beyond. From Welborn it is 
eight miles in a northerly direction to the celebrated Sulphur Springs in Hamil- 
ton county, and a line of hacks, during the season, affords pleasant and easy 
transportation thereto. There are several stores at each of these places, be- 
sides churches and good schools. Near Suwannee, £P station on the Savannah, 
Florida and Western Railway, are the well-known Suwannee Springs, seven 
miles north of Live Oak, and where there are many neat cottages for the use of 
visitors. Messrs. Culpepper & Scoville, of Atlanta, Ga., have recently pur- 
chased the property, and design building there a large hotel for the accommo- 
dation of visitors. 

Live Oak, six miles from Houstoun, 127 from Chattahoochee, and eighty-two 
miles trom Jacksonville, is a place of considerable importance. It has about 
500 inhabitants, several churches. Masonic and Odd Fellows' lodges, about 
twenty stores, several cotton-ginning establishments, good schools, etc. The 
Florida Branch of the Savannah, Florida and Western Railway here intersects 



10 

the Florida Central and Western, and over it passes most of the freight to and 
from Middle Florida. The favorite passenger route to Savannah and northern 
cities is via Jacksonville and thence by the Way Cross Short Line. The Live 
Oak and Rowland's Bluff Railroad, extending to Rowland's Bluff on the Suwannee 
river, twenty-five miles distant, is just being completed, and will be in operation 
in a short time. It is projected southward beyond Rowland's Bluff to Charlotte 
Harbor, under the name of the Live Oak, Tampa and Charlotte Harbor Rail- 
way. A line of steamers will run on the Suwannee river between Rowland's 
Bluff and Cedar Key. 

Market gardening and fruit-raising are among the most prominent indus- 
tries in the vicinity of Live Oak ; and the success of those engaged in it will en- 
courage others to increase the general result. One grower is mentioned as 
having netted $275 from two acres of watermelons raised in the vicinity of the 
depot last year. Within a stone's throw of the railroad track, and just east of 
town, is the splendid Scuppernong vineyard of Col. Jno. F. White, from which 
are made annually from thirty to fifty barrels of superior wine. It is five acres 
in extent, with an additional three acres of young vines. 

There are two good hotels. The Jones House, kept by Reuben Jones, con- 
taining sixteen rooms, is just across the track from the depot. A new brick sec- 
tion is being added to its capacity, which will accommodate some thirty addi- 
tional guests. The Slate House, by W. H. Slate, is north of the depot, and 
some hundred yards distant. It has now ten rooms, and is about to be 
remodeled, giving fifteen additional rooms. The rates at both are $2 per day. 
There are also a number of excellent boarding-houses. 

Suwannee county is especially favored in the way of transportation facili- 
ties, being bisected each way by railroads, and its western borders washed by 
the waters of the Suwannee river, which is navigable almost to Ellaville. There 
are yet large bodies of State and United States lands subject to entry, there 
having been more of these lands selected and patented in this county than in 
any other county in the "State. The county has prospered greatly in the past 
few years, having advanced from a list of 400 voters to over 1,500 since the 
war. 

There are immense tracts of fine timber lands, and several large saw-mills. 
The Empire Mills, three miles west of Live Oak, have a capacity of 30,000 feet 
per day, and Johnson's Mills, two miles east, can cut about half that amount, 
while the Suwannee Mills, near the northern boundary of the county, can cut 
10,000 feet per day. 

The soil, all along the road and in the interior, is of excellent quality, and 
great amounts of early vegetables are produced for shipment to northern mar- 
kets, besides cotton, turpentine, rosin, etc., in vast quantities. 



11 

HAMILTON COUNTY. 

This county lies imniedicUcly north of Stiwannee county, and, ahhough not 
immediately on the line of the road, its extreme southwestern portion lyinj^ 
between the Suwannee and Withlacoochee rivers, is within a few hundred yards 
of the point where the road crosses the Suwannee river. It is a rich and well 
watered county, and is traversed from north to south by the Florida Branch of 
the Savannah, Florida & Western Railway, which taps the Florida Central & 
Western at Live Oak. Jasper, the county seat, is a pleasant village of about 
300 population, and containing twelve stores and several good hotels — the Hately 
House, Jackson House, Rice House, and Stewart House. It is on the line of the 
Florida Branch, about 20 miles from Live Oak. The soil of the county is rich 
and productive. The Hamilton Coiiiify Times (weekly, Democratic,) by J. H. 
Ancrum, is the only newspaper. 

The White Sulphur Spring, a noted place of resort, and which is said to 
perform wonderful cures of rheumatism, is eight miles from Welborn, on the 
Florida Central Si Western Railroad. 

Alapaha river is a notable curiosity ; its Indian name signifies Dry river, 
and it is well named, since its bed for some miles from what should be its 
mouth, is as dry as flint, the river having suddenly disappeared in a sink. 

MADISON COUNTY. 

At Ellaville, thirteen miles from Live Oak, 114 miles from Chattahoochee, 
and ninety-five miles from Jacksonville, the railroad crosses the Suwannee river, 
which forms the boundary line between Suwannee and Madison counties. The 
Suwannee is a lovely stream, with high, rocky banks, heavily wooded, and is the 
indentical stream made famous by the well-known song, " 'Way Down upon the 
Swanee Ribber ! " Its name is said to be a corruption of the Spanish San Juan. 
A few hundred yards above the point where it is spanned by the substantial 
covered railroad bridge, the waters of the Withlacoochee are emptied into it, the 
latter river forming the boundary line between Madison and Hamilton counties. 
The scenery along both rivers is attractive and varied, and their waters afford 
splendid piscatorial sport. 

A few miles above Ellaville, near the west bank of the Withlacoochee, is Blue 
Spring, a favorite place of resort for the. people of Madison town, some eleven 
miles distant, the hard, shady roads making a very pleasant drive. The spring 
is about twenty-five feet in diameter, and is strongly impregnated with lime. 

Ellaville is a pleasant village of about 700 inhabitants, and is entirely 
populated by the employees of Messrs. Drew & Bucki, whose immense lumber 
and planing mills are located here. This is one of the largest establishments 



12 

of the kind in the South, and is well worth a visit. It was established in 1867 by 
the senior partner, ex-Governor George F. Drew, Mr. Louis Bucki, of New 
York city, becoming a partner in i86g. The establishment comprises a well- 
appointed machine shop for repairs, containing planers, lathes, drills, etc., all of 
the best make and latest pattern, and operated by an eight horse-power engine, 
which also drives three large fans for the forges of the blacksmith shop, a short 
distance away: an immense saw-mill provided with dozens of saws of different 
kinds, sizes, and uses, driven by a splendid two hundred horse-power engine 
having a four foot stroke, twenty-four-and-a-half inch cylinder, and fly-wheel 
sixteen feet in diameter. This engine also drives a large force-pump, which, 
with its 13,000 gallon tank, supplies water from the adjacent river for the mills, 
boilers, etc., for the use of the railroad engines, and for a complete system of 
water-works extending throughout the village and to the residence of Governor 
Drew, which is situated on his farm about one-third of a mile from the mills ; 
and the planing mills, containing all kinds of wood-working machinery of the 
latest make, driven by still another large engine of eighty horse-power. Every 
department of this large establishment is supplied with all manner of labor- 
saving contrivances known to the mechanical world, and is under the constant 
personal supervision of the senior partner, who, besides being a most 
progressive and enterprising practical farmer, is one of the most accomplished 
machinists in the country. 

Ellaville is a model village. It possesses a neat church and school building and 
Odd Fellows' and Masonic lodges. It has been built entirely by Drew & Bucki. 
Every house and every foot of ground belongs to the firm or to Governor Drew. 
The tenants (with the exception of the one physician), are the employees of the 
firm, and are furnished with neat and comfortable homes, free of rent. There 
are no lawyers ; no saloons ; no gambling or otherwise disorderly houses, no 
liquors sold, except by the druggist for medical purposes; no town organization, 
and hence no town politics or elections. The one store is conducted by the firm, 
and contains, besides a general stock of dry-goods and groceries, a small stock 
of drugs, which are dispensed by a competent prescriptionist. This store does 
a business of about $80,000 a year, attracting a considerable trade from the 
surrounding country. The post-office (a money-order office), telegraph office, 
and railroad station, are all conducted by employees of the firm. 

Messrs. Drew & Bucki own some 1200 or 1500 acres, and Governor Drew 
about 1200 acres, including and immediately adjacent to the mills and village, 
and the firm about 90,000 acres of choice timber lands in the vicinity, chiefly 
along the Suwannee river, through which runs a private railroad of the standard 
gauge, equipped with engines and rolling-stock belonging to the firm, and 
employed in supplying the mills with logs. The annual product of the mills. 



IB 

heretofore about twelve million feet, has been recently increased to twenty 
millions, by the introduction of additional machinery. The firm have a private 




^^^ 



COIR l-llorSE AT MADISdN, 

wharf at Jacksonville, for la- 
ding vessels with the product 
A* '"'■■ of their mills, and have recent- 

ly built for their trade between 
Jacksonville and New York a 
handsome and powerful steam 
schooner, the "Louis Bucki," 
the first of its kind on the 
coast, which has proven a complete success. 

Fifteen miles from Ellaville, ninety-nine 
miles from Chattahoochee, and no miles from 
Jacksonville, is Madison, the county seat of 
Madison county, a town of some 800 inhabi- 
containing about twenty or thirty stores, an excellent school building 
(St. John's Seminary) Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian, and Methodist churches, 



im 



tants 



14 

and a handsome new Court House. The town lies about three-quar- 
ters of a mile from the depot, and is reached by hacks which run to all 
trains. 

At the depot are two stores, both owned by Capt. J. L. Inglis, who 
also has extensive manufacturing interests, comprising saw-mill, grist-mill, 
rice-mill, cotton-ginning establishment, etc., and who lives in one of the 
handsomest and largest dwellings in the place, situated a short distance from 
the railroad, in the midst of highly cultivated grounds. Capt. Inglis is also a 
practical model farmer, and has done much to develop the agricultural resources 
of the county. In this he is ably abetted by ex-Governor Drew, whose thoroughly 
cultivated farm is provided with spacious barns, farm-engines, and improved 
implements and machinery of every description, and stocked with the finest 
registered cattle. 

Madison has no hotel, but several excellent boarding-houses, among which 
are those of Mrs. M. A. Fraleigh near the depot, and Mrs. S. M. Hankins, the 
" Florida House," up-town. Several private families also entertain boarders 
occasionally, among them Mrs. Thomas and Mrs. Parramore. The rates are $2 
per day, $7 to $8 per week, $25 per month. 

The Madison Recorder, weekly Democratic newspaper, is conducted by E. 
D. Beggs, and an "independent Democratic" weekly newspaper, the New 
Era, has recently been started. 

Cherry Lake, a handsome sheet of water from one to three miles wide, 
lies eleven miles northeast of the town. "The Cascade," a pretty water- 
fall, is about three miles south, and is a favorite place of resort. A small 
stream has a fall of about ten or twelve feet, and almost immediately disap- 
pears mysteriously underground. San Paola Lake, in the southern part of 
the county, is larger than Cherry, and is surrounded by a rich and productive 
region. 

Mosely Hall, a thriving " settlement " in this same region, about fifteen 
miles southwest of Madison, contains five or six stores, and is noted for its 
superior healthfulness. 

Greenville, fourteen miles from Madison, eighty-five miles from Chatta- 
hoochee, and 124 miles from Jacksonville, is a pleasant-looking stopping-place, 
in the midst of live-oak groves. It has several stores, a mill and cotton-gin, 
and contains about 200 people. 

A branch of the Florida Midland and Georgia Railroad, projected from 
Tallahassee to Gainesville by Mr. Hamilton Disston, of Philadelphia, and his 
associates, passes through Madison county. The preliminary surveys have 
been made for this road and branch, and it will open up a fine tract of 
country. 



15 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 

Aucilla, the next station west of Greenville, is a small village seven miles 
from Greenville, seventy-eight miles from Chattahoochee, and 131 miles from 
Jacksonville. It is Situated near the boundary line between Madison and Jef- 
ferson counties, and takes its name from the Aucilla river, which flows near by, 
rising in Georgia and emptying into the (iulf; a small but beautiful stream 
abounding in picturesque scenery. Aucilla is chiefly noted for its "supper-house," 
where eastward-bound trains stop ' 'twenty minutes for supper" at ' 'Aunt Aggy 's, " 
where is served a bountiful repast of real old-fashioned, wholesome country fare. 




COIKT-HOI'SE AT MONTICEL: 



Drifton, seven miles from Aucilla, 
seventy-one miles from Chattahoochee, 
and 138 miles Irom Jacksonville, is the junction of the main line with the Mon- 
ticello Branch, which extends thence northwardly four miles to Monticello, the 



16 

county seat of Jefferson. Monticello is nobly seated on a high ridge, sur- 
rounded by a splendid farming country — one of the richest sections of Middle 
Florida. It is a queer combination, as many of the older towns are, of old-fash- 
ioned, comfortable simplicity (in habit as well as architecture) and modern im- 
provement and style. Many of the lately erected dwellings and stores would 
do credit to a large city. Like most Middle Florida towns, it is heavily shaded, 
chiefly by handsome live-oaks and water-oaks. Flowers abound every- 
where through the grounds of the private residences; and a flourishing green- 
house well filled with rare plants on the place of Col. Bird, just out of town, is 
one of the attractions of the place. The model plantation of Mr. E. B. Bailey, 
(one of the youngest as well as wealthiest of the planters of Middle Florida), 
of 600 acres near the town, is supplied with the best and latest improved ma- 
chinery and implements. Mr. Bailey owns some 12,000 acres of the finest 
farming land in the county, besides the care of which he runs a large store and 
cotton warehouse at Monticello. 

Monticello has no hotel, so to speak. The old " Madden House," an ancient 
structure, which in its best days must have been of rather imposing appearance, 
is now badly out of repair. It is kept by Mrs. Skipper. The need of a good 
public house at last became so manifest that Capt. J. T. Porter has re-model- 
ed his residence on a most eligible corner near the centre of the town, and is 
now prepared to entertain a limited number of guests. Besides these, a 
number of the citizens take boarders in the Winter time — Mrs. D. Williams, 
Mrs. Kate D. Scott and others; the rates are $2 per day, $7 to |8 per week, 
and $25 to $35 per month. There are Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian and 
Episcopal churches, and a very commodious and substantial brick Academy 
building, also a spacious and well-appointed public hall. 

In the lower portion of Jefferson county is the location of that now celebra- 
ted object of interest, the " Florida Volcano." Persons whose lives have been 
passed in the section named unite in testifying to the existence, for the past 
thirty or forty years, of a strange " pillar of fire by night, and pillar of cloud by 
day," which marks the spot where the volcano is supposed to exist. Although 
many attempts have been made to reach it, it still remains a mystery, owing 
to the difficulty of penetrating the jungle which surrounds and partially con- 
ceals it. 

LEON COUNTY. 

Nine miles from Drifton, sixty-two miles from Chattahoochee, and 147 miles 
from Jacksonville, is Lloyd's, or, as it is popularly known, "No. 2," an 
important station, from whence large quantities of cotton are shipped, raised 
in its vicinity. It has four stores, post-office, telegraph and express 
offices, a large cotton gin, grist-mill and cotton-seed oil mill (the only 



17 

one in the State), conducted by Mr. Walter Bond. Six miles further, 
fifty-six miles from Chattahoochee, and 152 miles from Jacksonville, is Chaires', 
or " No. I," simply a flag station. 

Tallahassee, the State Capital and county seat of Leon county, twelve miles 
from Chaires', forty-four miles from Chattahoochee, and 165 miles from Jack- 
sonville, is the next station. The approach to this most charming of all South- 
ern cities is worthy of its own inherent beauty. Four miles from the city, the 
train passes over a portion of the prettiest of the upland lakes of this hill region 
— Lake La Fayette, so named from its situation in the midst of the noble estate 
granted by a grateful country to the great French patriot, in recognition of his 
services in the Revolutionary struggle for independence. It was a magnificent 
domain of over 23,000 acres (an entire township), and contained some of the 
choicest lands in the State. Many efforts were made to induce Gen. La Fayette 
to remove hither and occupy the estate, but he loved his native land a little the 
best, and in course of time his descendants parted with their possessions to 
different purchasers. Passing the lake, the road runs through a stupendous ' 'cut" 
made through a great hill, the grade to the centre of the cut being one of the 
steepest on the line, and in the State. As the cars emerge from this tunnel-like 
way, first into a deep and narrow valley with steep slopes on either side, and 
thence debouching into the broader valley of the "St. Augustine Branch," in 
the early morning, a scene of beauty meets the eye, such as no uninformed 
tourist ever dreamed of beholding in Florida. Great sloping hills rise as if by 
magic on every side; in front, crowning the loftiest, are the whitened walls and 
thousand windows of the city shining in the morning sun. 

The ciiy stands at an elevation of over 250 feet above the sea. Its popula- 
tion, within the city limits proper, is given by the Census of 1880 as 2,494, but 
with its outlying suburbs, including the homes of many of the numerous opera- 
tives of the cotton factory and railroad car-shops, it doubtless contains over 
3,000 souls. Its healthfulness is a proverb among all the people of the State, 
and can be no better illustrated than by stating that during the summer just 
past, its entire sick list has been easily attended by a single physician. There 
are two physicians resident in the city, one of whom was absent until mid- 
summer, and on his return the other left with his family on a visit to Virginia, 

Tallahassee is full of interest to the tourist, not only on account of its being 
the seat of government, but because of its inherent attractions. It was here 
that the great chiefs of the aborigines held their savage court ; here the Spanish 
invaders of their territory, in the era immediately succeeding the settlements on 
the Atlantic coast, established themselves by the occupation of the Gulf coasts 
and the erection of elaborate forts and strongholds, the remains of which still 
exist ; here that, in a later day, the military authorities of the United States, under 



18 



^^\...\ 







General Jackson, after taking formal possession of the territory, established the 
chief military post and seat of government. Aside from its historical interest, 
Tallahassee has always been a place of consequence as a centre of trade. Long 
before the Florida Central Railroad (from Jacksonville to Lake City), the old 
Pensacola and Georgia Railroad (from Lake City to Tallahassee), later called, 
with its extension to Chattahoochee, the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
Railroad, were thought of, the Tallahassee Railroad from St. Marks to Talla- 
hassee was a flourishing enterprise, founded as early as 1833, upon the necessi- 
ties of the immense trade even then existing between St. Mark's and the in- 
terior. In later years the building of railroads from the Atlantic coast west- 




STREET MARKET, TALLAHASSEE. 



ward, diverted this trade. The early settlement of this wonderfully fertile re- 
gion by a class of wealthy cotton planters from Georgia, Virginia, and the 
Carolinas, with their vast tracts of freshly-cleaned hummock lands and armies 
of slaves, made Middle Florida the seat of a progress, wealth and civilization 
the most powerful and extensive in the South. The people lived like nabobs, 
and devoted themselves with equal zeal to the cultivation and handling of the 
great staple, and the amenities of social life. Fine old mansions, like that of 
"Waverley," yet stand among the giant live oaks, upon more than one of the rich 
plantations in the vicinity of the city, untenanted and ruinous : their silence and 
desolation full of pathos and eloquence, reminding the chance passer-by of 



20 

the prosperity and affluence of former days. This good old time has passed 
away, with many of those who were its founders and devotees, but the rich 
lands yet remain, scarcely affected by the half century of immense yearly crops 
which they have produced. Methods of cultivation which have prevailed among 
the freedmen tenants of these lands since the war have reduced the annual pro- 
duct, but not the producing capacity of the lands, and when they are subjected 
to the better methods known and practiced by the best farmers of the North 
and West, their fertility and products are almost beyond the power of belief. 
These lands can be purchased in tracts of any size, at prices ranging from $5 
per acre upward, according to locality. Application made to Messrs. Ball & 
Long, the only real estate men in Middle Florida, will receive prompt atten- 
tion. 

Two miles west of Tallahassee is the " Murat Place," a fine plantation 
owned and occupied, until her death, by the widow of Prince Murat, the son of 
Napoleon's favorite Marshal, afterwards King of Naples. The Prince, who 
spent the last years of his life upon his fine estate in Jefferson county, and his 
widow who survived him many years, lie side by side in the Episcopal Ceme- 
tery at Tallahassee. 

Three miles westwardly is the site of an old Spanish Fort (San Luis), upon 
the broad summit of one of the highest hills, where fragments of ponderous 
old iron armor and heavy cannon have been found. In many other localities 
are pointed out similar remains. 

Tallahassee has been ca'led the " Floral City of the Land of Flowers," and 
well deserves the name. Almost every dwelling is in the midst of a wilderness 
of flowers, which seem to bloom with equal splendor from January to Decem- 
ber. A Spring fair or flower show, held under the auspices of the Fair Asso- 
ciation (which is one of the most prosperous and useful organizations of its kind 
in the South), gives the stranger a rare opportunity to see the best of her floral 
treasures collectively. The fifth annual fair begins January 16, 1S83. 

The hard clay roads, winding gently over the hills and through the valleys, 
under over-arching boughs and among the fertile fields, toward the various 
beautiful lakes which abound throughout the county, afford the finest oppor- 
tunities for pleasant drives and rides and walks ; all of which are invited by the 
clear, bracing atmosphere and the varying changes of the landscape. 

Lake Jackson, the largest, lies nearest to the city, its nearest point being 
only about three miles. It is a noble expanse of water, extending in a north- 
erly direction a distance of some eighteen or twenty miles, and varying in width 
from half a mile to three miles. North of it lies lamonia, a veritable archi- 
pelago on a small scale, being full of small islands. It is famous over half the 
continent, among the knowing ones, as the place par excellence for the shooting 



21 



of water-fowl during the Winter months. South of Tallahassee, four miles, is 
Lake Bradford, almost circular in form, and about a mile and a half in diame- 
ter, its shores composed of a wide belt of fine white sand, and shaded by im- 
mense trees. Twenty miles northeast is Lake Miccosukie, as large or larger 
than Lake Jackson, and forming a portion of the boundary between Leon and 
Jefferson counties. Lake Hall, almost a perfect crescent in shape, lies five or 
six miles northeast from Tallahassee. All these are surrounded by high banks 
and bluffs, and the scenery is as fine as in any lake region in the world. The 
heavily-wooded bottoms of the Ocklockonee river, the western boundary of 
Leon, are famous for their game ; wild turkeys, deer, and even bear, are found 
there in sufficient quantity to satisfy the most enthusiastic sportsman ; while the 
fields and woods, not only of Leon but of this whole region, are the resort, in 
season, of quail in vast numbers. 




WEST KLOKIDA SEMINAKY. 

Tallahassee has substantial and well-appointed churches. Baptist, Methodist, 
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian, and the Roman Catholics have a chapel in the 
old convent building, where services are regularly conducted by a resident 
priest. The Hebrew residents also enjoy religious services, but have no syna- 
gogue. 

Besides a number of excellent private and public (county) schools, the city is 
the seat of the West Florida Seminary, a State institution endowed with a large 
grant of public land, and having large and appropriate buildings for both male 



22 




23 

and female departments. It is under the care of a competent corps of teachers ; 
has a military establishment in its male department, with uniform, instructor 
in tactics, etc., and is empowered to confer degrees. 

News'papers apparently flourish here with unusual vigor. The Floridian 
(weekly, Democratic,) established in 1828, is the "ancient of days," and the 
factotum of its party in the State since the "time whereof the memory of man 
runneth not to the contrary." It is presided over by Capt. Charles E. Dyke, 
the veteran editor of the Florida press, whose connection with its fortunes 
dates back nearly half a century. The Economist (weekly) is conducted by 
Judge R. B. Hilton, and is an "independent Democratic" paper. The La)id 
of Floivcrs {w&oVXy) by R. Don McLeod, is devoted to agriculture, literature 
and immigration. Tlie Spectator {\NQtV\^) is a new enterprise, the organ of the 
"simonpure" "Independents." 

The hotels, like the newspapers, are sufficient in plenty and variety "to suit 
the most fastidious taste," or rather to suit all tastes and all purses. The old 
stand-by, the City Hotel, is a rambling, curious old affair, half brick, half frame, 
but provided with excellent rooms and beds, and owned by Mr. W. P. Slusser, 
whose manager, Mr. G. A. Hover, is an expert in the business. The house has 
accommodations for some 100 or 150 guests, and the rates are $2.50 and $3.00 
per day, with weekly and monthly rates very reasonable by especial contract. 
The "St. James," formerly Lamb House, has just been greatly enlarged 
and thoroughly refitted and re-furnished. It is conducted by the owners, Mr. 
and Mrs. George Lamb, who have the reputation of taking excellent care of 
their guests. The present capacity of this excellent house is about fifty guests, 
and the rates are $2.00 and $2.50 per day, with special reduced rates by the 
week or month. A magnificent new hotel, The Tallahassee, with some sixty 
rooms, and constructed upon the most approved modern plan, with all the 
conveniences and appointments of a first-class house, was built last year by a 
stock company of citizens, and it is intended to open it for its first season on the 
1st of January next. It is owned by the Tallahassee Hotel Company, and 
has been leased for a term of years to Mr. W. H. Howerton, Proprietor of the 
Warm Springs Hotel, North Carolina. (See cut and advertisement). 

Besides the hotels there are a number of extensive and excellent boarding- 
houses — Mrs. Whitaker's, Mrs. Townsend's, Mrs. Brokaw's, Mrs. Hopkins', 
Mrs. Tatum's and others; and a number of citizens open their ample residences 
to receive Winter boarders, especially during the biennial sessions of the 
Legislature, the next of which begins in January, 1883. 

One of the most attractive of the many fine old places around the city, is the 
estate of "Glenwood," the property of Col. W. L. Robinson. It is located 
some seven miles from town, and is reached by a pleasant road leading through 



25 

a well tilledaleGnd richly wooded country, nwood fulfills the traditional idea 
of a hospitable, roomy, and delightful old Southern home. The broad lands are 
kept in a high state of cultivation, the owner being an enthusiast in his occupa- 
tion as a planter, and near the house, one of the finest kitchen-gardens in the 
State affords a bountiful and varied supply of vegetables and early fruits. The 
broad grounds adjacent to the house, are well shaded with giant live oaks, 
^vhere the myriad song-birds of the South find their homes, amid the moss- 
draped branches. Handsome Jersey cows afford plenty of milk, and the morn- 
ings are musical wiih the notes of the various barn-yard fowls. 




DEl'OT, TALLAHASSEE 



The amenities of life are not left out, for here the visitor finds horses for the 
carriage or saddle, a good library with all of the best current magazines, pianos, 
a billiard room, croquet grounds, and superb hunting — quail being especially 
plentiful — and fishing — a veritable Winter paradise, in fact, presided over by a 
most congenial host and hostess, where social instincts, rather than any pecu- 
niary necessity, have led them lo open their doors this Winter to a small number 
of Winter guests, who will find here a secluded yet entertaining spot where the 
Winter may be passed in true (fo/cf far nienie. 



26 

Tallahassee is the northern terminus of the St. Marks Branch of the Florida 
Central & Western Railroad, which extends a distance of twenty-one miles to 
St. Marks in Wakulla county. There are a number of railroads projected to 
and through Tallahassee, among them the Thomasville, Tallahassee and Gulf 
Railroad, from Thomasville through Tallahassee to some eligible point on the 
Gulf coast, probably Rio Carrabelle, a thriving lumber port on the deep waters 
of Dog Island Harbor, at the western end of James Island, the preliminary 
surveys of which have just been completed; and the Georgia cS: Florida Midland 
Railway, incorporated by Mr. Hamilton Disston, of Philadelphia, and his 
associates, extending from Tallahassee through Jefferson, Taylor, La Fayette and 
Alachua counties to Gainesville, and thence to the St. Johns river, with a 
branch from Perry, in Taylor county, through Madison county, to Valdosta, 
Georgia. 

The car-shops of the former Jacksonville, Pensacola& Mobile R.R. are situated 
near the depot, which latter is the finest building belonging to the line, and was 
built to accommodate the general offices of the old P. &: G. R. R. Since the 
consolidation, the working force from the car-shops of the Florida Central at 
Jacksonville have been removed to the Tallahassee shops, which are now run 
to their fullest capacity for the benefit of the consolidated lines. The general 
offices of the line have been established at Jacksonville. 

Near the depot stands the Tallahassee Cotton Factory, the only establishment 
of its kind in the State. It was founded many years ago by a stock company, 
and is now owned by Mr. Alexander McDougall, who is engaged in the 
manufacture of fine yarns, which meet with a ready and profitable sale. The 
capacity of the mill, with a moderate addition of capital, could profitably be in- 
creased ten or twenty-fold. A ginning establishment and grist mill are run in 
connection with the factory. A planing mill operated by T. J. Rawls, a cigar 
factory by Mr. Wilt, and a tan-yard by Mr. Jno. A. Pearce (the only one in the 
State), are conducted profitably, and complete the list of Tallahassee's manufac- 
turing establishments. Messrs. B. C. Lewis & Sons conduct an extensive 
banking business, the only one in Middle Florida. Tallahassee has some thirty 
or more stores, including three drug stores, two book stores, news depot, a first- 
class furniture store, stove store, one hardware store, and two large livery 
stables. 

The State Capitol is a roomy, massive, and well-preserved structure of im- 
posing appearance, built in 1834 by the military government of the territory, 
and stands in a commanding situation on the extreme southern portion of the 
hill occupied by the city. From the eastern entrance to its well kept grounds, 
extends eastwardly the St. Augustine Road, otherwise known as the " Bellamy 
Road," from the name of its builder, a military highway constructed by the U.S. 



37 




.^UuIU < 



28 

Government in territorial times, to connect, for purposes of military transpor- 
tation, the Capital with the settlements on the Atlantic coast. 

GADSDEN COUNTY. 

From Tallahassee, the line of the railroad deflects rapidly to the northward. 
The first station westward, after crossing the Ocklockonee river, nine miles from 
Tallahassee, is Midway, twelve miles distant, thirty-two miles from Chattahoo- 
chee, and 177 miles from Jacksonville, From Midway, which is a small settle- 
ment consisting of one or tv\o stores, school-house, and a few dwellings, it is 
twelve miles to Quincy, the county seat of Gadsden county, which is twenty 
miles from Chattahoochee, and 189 miles from Jacksonville, The town con- 
tains about 700 people, and is one of the oldest in Middle Florida, having been 
incorporated in 1828. It is delightfully situated, at an elevation of 290 feet 
above the sea, and its environment is exceedingly picturesque. Just north of 
the town is the beautiful valley of the Attapulgus. On all sides rise the wooded 
hills which form the great charm of Middle Florida. Baptist, Methodist and 
Presbyterian churches, a handsome brick Academy building, and a well-pre- 
served and commodious Court-House adorn the town, besides numerous hand- 
some private residences with well-cultivated grounds, that of Judge J. E. A. 
Davidson, the post-master, being one of the most attractive, and containing a 
great variety of rare plants and flowers, among them several bunches of the 
only real South American Pampas Grass in the State, from which are taken 
some 500 magnificent " plumes " every year. The grounds of Congressman R. 
H. M. Davidson, contain some of the largest specimens of the Camellia Japonica 
in the State, if not in the South — one or two of them being some twenty-five feet 
in height. 

The Qiiuicy Herald {vieekly. Democratic,) is the only newspaper, and is con- 
ducted by Mr. W. W. Keep, who keeps the neatest and best-appointed printing- 
office, of its size, in the State. 

There are no hotels, the only establishment of the kind having been de- 
stroyed by fire a year or two ago ; but there are a number of excellent boarding- 
houses, that of Mrs. M. S. Zegler being the largest. Her rates are $2 per day, 
monthly and weekly rates much lower, by contract. A number of citizens take 
Winter boarders at similar low rates. 

Nine miles west of Quincy, eleven miles from Chattahoochee and igS miles 
from Jacksonville, is Mount Pleasant, a way-station, chiefly noted as the loca- 
tion of the extensive vineyard of Col. M. Martin, Surveyor-General of the 
State, which lies about five miles north of the depot, and where are growing a 
large variety of grapes, principally the Scuppernong, from which the proprietor 
manufactures large quantities of wine, which finds a ready sale at remunerative 



29 



prices and whose quality is noted all over the State : it having competed 
strongly at the last State Fair with that of Judge Davidson, of Quincy, which 
won the premium. 

Chattahoochee Station, eight miles from Mt. Pleasant, three miles from 
Chattahoochee Landing (the terminus of the road on the east bank of the Appa- 
lachicola river), and 206 miles from Jacksonville, is the stopping-place for mails 
and travel destined tor the State Asylum for Indigent Insane, and the ferry 
leading into Jackson county, West Florida, The village of Chattahoochee is 

situated near the Asylum, on 
the top of ' the big hill,' about 
a mile from the station, and 
about two miles from the river. 
Its elevation and that of the 
Asylum is nearly 300 feet 
above the sea — the highest 
l)oint in the State, according 
to the authority of Mr, H. S. 




STATE ASYLUM FOK THK I N I IICKXI' INSANK AC (.H A T 1 A Hi >( iCH KK. 

Duval, State Engineer, being near that gentleman's residence, on a long, high 
ridge lying south of the railroad about two miles, wTiere the elevation is fully 
300 feet. 

The Asylum is situated on the site of, and occupies the buildings formerly be- 
longing to, the U. S. military post established here in 1834 by General Jackson, 
then military governor of the Territory. The buildings are of the most substan- 
tial character, being all of brick, arranged in the form of a hollow square, en- 
closing, with the high brick wall which connects them, a smooth plaza, shaded 
by large trees and carpeted with grass. At the southeast corner stands a large 
two-story residence, surrounded on all sides with ample verandas, formerly 



30 

used as officers' quarters, and now occupied by the family of the physician-in- 
charge, Dr. J. H. Randolph and his assistants. On the south side stands an 
immense, four-story brick building with a tower ninety feet in height, formerly 
used as an armory and arsenal, and now occupied as the white male depart- 
ment of the Asylum. Near the southeast corner stand two smaller buildings, 
used as store-room and chapel. At the northeast corner is another large dwell- 
ing similar to the first-named, formerly occupied as barracks for the troops, 
now the white female department of the Asylum. On the north side are several 
one-story and one two-story buildings formerly used as shops, etc., now used 




HOTEL AND DEPOT, CHATTAHOOCHEE LANDING. 

as the quarters for the colored inmates of the institution. On the west side are 
the stables and gateway. East of this enclosure are two massive brick struc- 
tures formerly used as a magazine, and now useful as store-houses. The prop- 
erty comprises about 1,700 acres, and much of it is under cultivation as a farm 
for the production of forage, vegetables, etc., for the use of the Asylum. It was 
donated by the Federal Government to the State shortly after the war, for a 
penitentiary, and was so used until 1876 when the system of convict-leasing was 
adopted. The view from the tower is one of the finest panoramas of beautiful 
landscape scenery to be seen south of Lookout Mountain, and a visit to the 



31 

village is one of the most pleasant and interesting episodes a tourist could 
desire. 

Three miles from Chattahoochee station, and 209 miles from Jacksonville, is 
Chattahoochee Landing. Here steamers plying the Chattahoochee, Flint and 
Apalachicola rivers, between Columbus, Ga. and Apalachicola Fla., connect 
semi-weekly each way. These boats are of modern make and accommo- 
dations, and equal in every respect to the best class of steamers on the 
western rivers. The "Chattahoochee" and "Rebecca Everingham," with 
their ample cabins, large and comfortable state-rooms, electric light, etc., are as 
pleasant vehicles of water travel as exist anywhere ; and their gentlemanly 
officers are renowned for their courtesy and attention to the wants and com- 
fort of their patrons. 

The Landing comprises the large warehouse of the railroad com- 
pany, and a neat and comfortable hostelry, the Riverside Hotel, built by 
the company some three years since and managed by its agent, Mr. J. P. 
Jordan. 

At this point, just below the tracks of the Florida Central and Western, the 
Pensacola and Atlantic Railroad Avill cross the river, by a bridge now being 
rapidly constructed, to its depot adjoining that of the Florida Central and 
Western. This road, now being rapidly brought to a state of completion, and 
intended to be ready for travel by the first of March 18S3, extends from 
Chattahoochee westward through West Florida, a distance of 160 iniles to Pen- 
sacola. It is being constructed by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and 
will be under the management and control of that great corporation. It will 
form an outlet, over the lines of that company, to all the great western system 
of railways, and will control a very large part of the annual travel to and from 
Florida. 

The Savannah, Florida and Western Railway Company is also constructing 
a short branch from their main line at Climax, a small station between Thomas- 
ville and Bainbridge, to Chattahoochee, a distance of thirty miles, which is in- 
tended to be continued thence southward to the deep waters of Dog Island 
Harbor. 

In the river bottom, near Chattahoochee, js found a new species of spruce, 
recently discovered and named after Professor Torrey of the Smithsonian In- 
stitution, Torreya Taxi folia, the peculiar characteristic of which is that its wood 
is practically indestructible. Logs which had been known to be lying in the 
mud and water for twenty years or more, have been taken out and found per- 
fectly i^ound. Specimens of this remarkable wood, which is found nowhere 
else on the continent, may be seen in the lamp-posts in the Capitol grounds at 
Tallahassee. 



32 

WAKULLA COUNTY. 

From Tallahassee, on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, trains leave ou 
the St. Marks Branch for St. Marks, twenty-one miles distant, returning the 
same day. The road runs through a rather flat and uninteresting country, the 
poorest portion of Wakulla county, and the least fertile of any section of Mid- 
dle Florida. Twelve miles from Tallahassee is Oil Still'station, the only way- 
station on the road, where there is a, post-office called Wakulla, and where pas- 
sengers going to Wakulla Spring or Newport may disembark. This station is 
so-called from there having once been here a flourishing manufactory of tur- 
pentine, rosin, oil and pitch. 

St. Marks, once the seat of a flourishing commerce, is now a "deserted 
village." Its seventy-five or eighty people are mostly engaged in fishing or 




FRAGMENTS OF Sl'AMSH ARMOR, FOUND AT ST. MARKS. 

sponge fisheries, and there are gnly two stores and a dozen or two dwellings, 
besides the railroad warehouses and wharves. From St. Marks to the mouth 
of the St. Marks river, the distance is eight miles, with a deep channel all the 
way, through which large vessels are enabled to reach the wharf. A steamer 
makes semi-monthly voyages between St. Marks and New Orleaus, touching at 
Pensacola. A light-house of the second-class stands at the mouth of the river. 
Newport, six or eight miles above St. Marks, on the river, was once a popu- 
lar place of resort, on account of the vicinity of some valuable mineral springs, 



33 

especially the Sulphur Spring, which has the reputation of having performed 
some wonderful cures of rheumatism, etc. It was also a place of considerable 
commercial importance, but is now a mere wreck and shadow of its former 
self. 

Crawfordville, the county seat, has about eighty or ninety inhabitants, and 
is situated in thf^ centre of the county, about nine or ten miles from the railroad. 
Commencing three miles east of Crawfordville, and extending six miles east- 
ward to the Wakulla River, and southward to tide-water on the coast, is a 
wonderfully fertile region of what is termed shell hummock land, that can 
fairly be said to be one of the richest bodies of land in Florida or out of it, 
admirably suited to every sort of farming and fruit growing. The orange tree 
flourishes there in great perfection. 

Six miles from Oil Still station, and about sixteen miles from Tallahassee, 
is the famous Wakulla Spring. This wonderful natural curiosity has been visi- 
ted by thousands of interested sight-seers, and is an object well worth going 
far to see. It lies in the midst of a dense growth of hummock forest, and has 
been described as almost the exact counterpart of the celebrated Silver Spring 
in Marion county ; but many of those who have visited both declare Wakulla 
to be by far the most remarkable. Sidney Lanier, in his delightful " Hand- 
book and Guide to Florida," says of it : " About fifteen miles from Tallahassee 
is one of the most wonderful springs in the world — the famous Wakulla Spring, 
which sends off a river from its single outburst. * * * * Once arrived and 
floating on its bosom, one renews the pleasures which have been hereinbefore 
described in what was said of Silver Spring. Like that, the water here, which 
is similarly impregnated with lime, is thrillingly transparent ; here one finds 
again the mosaic of many-shaded green hues, though the space of the spring is 
less broad and more shadowed by over-hanging trees than the wide basin of 
Silver Spring. In one particular, however, this is the more impressive of the 
two. It is io6 feet deep [Silver Spring is sixty feet], and as one slowly floats, 
face downward, one perceives, at first dimly, then more clearly, a great ledge of 
white rock which juts up to within, perhaps, fifty feet of the surface, from be- 
neath which the fish come swimming, as if out of the gaping mouth of a great 
cave. Looking down past the upper part of this ledge, down, down through 
the miraculous lymph, which impresses you at once as an abstraction and as a 
concrete substance, to the white concave bottom, where you can plainly see a 
sort of ' trouble in the ground,' as the water bursts up from its mysterious chan- 
nel, one feels n. re than ever that sensation of depth itself wrought into a 
substantial embodiment, of which I have before spoken." 

The bottom of the spring, shaped like a great bowl, is covered with bits of 
bright tin, buttons and other objects dropped by curious visitors, who take a 



34 

wild delight in watching them whirl and circle down into the abyss below, 
through the magnifying water, which invests them with every color of the rain- 
bow in their eddying flight. 

Many years ago the skeletons of two'mastodons were found at the bottom 
of the spring, and were taken out and shipped to the Smithsonian Institution ; 




WAKULLA SPRING. 



but the vessel they were on was wrecked off Cape Hatteras, and these inter- 
esting remains now lie at the bottom of the Atlantic. In t88i a similar 
skeleton was discovered some eight feet below the surface of the ground in 
Taylor county. 



35 

The width of Wakulla Spring is about 250 feet ; its form nearly circular, and 
the Wakulla river, which flows from it, is a deep and large stream, capable of 
bearing large vessels. At its mouth, where it pours into the St. Marks river, 
it is about 150 yards wide. The Spring, with a large tract of land surrounding 
it, has recently been purchased by an eminent Cincinnati physician, who pro- 
poses to erect suitable buildings and establish there a Winter sanitarium. 

Wakulla, beauteous spring ! thy crystal waters 

Reflect the loveliness of Southern skies ; 
And oft methinks the darked-haired Indian daughters 

Bent o'er thy silvery depths with wondering eyes ; 
From forest glade the swarthy chief emerging. 

Delighted paused, thy matchless charms to view ; 
Then to thy flower-gemmed border slowly verging, 
I see him o'er thy placid bosom urging 
His light canoe. 

The St. Marks river is one of the most picturesque streams in America. Its 
source, like that of the Nile, is a mystery, but has always been believed to be 
the great Miccosukie Lake, from which a subterranean outlet is supposed to 
exist, extending to the " sink," where the St. Marks begins its strange and de- 
vious course. The river is navigable for vessels of considerable size for some 
twenty miles, to a point near what is known as the Natural Bridge, another won- 
derful natural curiosity, which may be reached by a pleasant drive, through the 
pine woods, of eighteen miles from Tallahassee. Here the river, a broad, deep 
sluggish stream, disappears suddenly into the bowels of the earth. No barrier 
arrests its course ; the formation across its course is but three or four feet above 
the level ,of its waters; it simply appears that, at some remote period in the past, 
the bottom quietly dropped out, and, to all intents and purposes, from that 
point the St. Marks river is no more. But a phenomenon equally astounding 
is its reappearance in a great basin some forty or fifty feet from its burial place, 
where it calmly comes up again, like a giant refreshed, from its journey 
to the centre of the earth, and resumes its placid course towards the Gulf. The 
intervening space between the exit and reappearance of this great body of running 
water is not over fifty feet in width, and has no appearance of a bridge, but is 
so exactly like the surrounding land on either shore, that persons passing over 
it for the first time enjoy the experience of that ancient worthy of nursery rhyme 
who "couldn't see the town for the houses:" he doesn't know it is a 
bridge until he has passed over it. Here, during the war, was fought the only 
battle in Middle Florida. A force of Federals landed near the light-house, and 
were making their way towards Tallahassee, intent upon its capture, when they 
were met here by an inferior force of old men and boys, volunteers, picked up 
here and there in the general alarm, supported by only a company or two of 



infantry, and a small battery of ar- 
tillery. These made a stand immedi- 
ately at the Natural Bridge, and threw 
up earth-works, from whence the 
pass was gallantly defended, the 
Federals being forced to retreat after 
experiencing considerable loss. 

The Wakulla river is also pictur- 
esque and beautiful, and a trip from 
St. Marks up to the Spring is one of 
the things no tourist of well-regu- 
lated mind and reasonably substan- 
tial body can afford to miss. At its 
mouth stand the remains of the an- 
cient Spanish fortress of San Marco, 
which was built of massive blocks of 
stone, and but for its demolishment 
to furnish material for a large U. S. 
Hospital, built near its site some 
twenty years ago (itself now a miser- 
able and not at all picturesque ruin), 
it might have been standing to this 
day. Two ponderous blocks of stone, 
one bearing a representation of the 
coat of arms of the Spanish King, 
and the other a battered inscription 
in Spanish, which once graced the 
fortress walls over the sally-port and 
the main entrance, were rescued from 
an ignoble use many years ago, hav- 
ing been discovered doing duty as 
door-steps to a saloon in St. Marks 
by Gov. R. K. Call, and taken to his 
residence in Tallahassee, where they 
now remain in the possession of his 
grandson, R. C, Long, Esq., of that 
■city. 

Six miles from Tallahassee, the 
;St. Marks Branch passes the rem- 
nant of Bel Air, once a most delight- 




37 



ful place of summer resort for the Tallahasseeans, when, in the early days, 
the constant clearing of new areas of the heavy growth of hummock timber 
thereabouts rendered the place somewhat less healthy in summer than it 
should be. Here the people built themselves neat cottages, and retired to 
them during the dog-days and dog-nights. In later days they go to St. Teresa, 




SPANISH COAT OK ARMS FOUND AT ST. MARKS. 

a pleasant little watering-place, possessing all the advantages of surf-bathing 
on a fine beach, and oysters and fish in abundance. St. Teresa is accessible 
overland a distance of about fifty miles, by carriage, and via St. Marks bv 
small vessels, in a sail of a few hours. Its population during the Summer 
heats often runs up into the hundreds, and it is becoming more and more 
popular every year. 



38 

SOME STATISTICS. 

For the benefit of those who may be desirous of obtaining some information 
which will aid them in the selection of a home in Florida, we give on another 
page a table of valuable statistics which will speak for themselves in eloquently 
portraying the material advantages of the rich section through which the 
Florida Central & Western Railroad passes. 

A little study of the table will discover to the thoughtful reader some curi- 
ous and very interesting facts, which most visitors to, and many residents of, 
the State will be surprised to learn. 

For example: the ten counties named in the table, and which lie directly on 
the line of the road, having an area of only a fraction over 12 per cent, of the 



^T> ^ .bo 



'LfcOjitlrfllcH.isH 






■R 







A SPANISH TABLET. 



total area of the State, contain over 41 per cent, of the total population of the 
State; over 66 per cent, of the entire area of cultivated lands; over 27 per cent, 
of the estimated standing lumber, and return over 35)^ per cent, of the total as- 
sessed valuation of real and personal taxable property in the State. 

These ten counties produced in 1879 over 40 per cent, of all the syrup; over 
42 per cent, of all the rice; over 41 per cent, of all the sugar; over 31 1^ per cent, 
of all the potatoes; over 65 percent, of all the tobacco; over 51)^ per cent, of 
all the corn; over 58 percent, of all the oats, and over 68)^ per cent, of all the 
cotton produced in the entire State. They returned in 1881 over 44 per cent, of 
all the horses and mules; over 15^ percent, of all the cattle, and of all the 
sheep and goats, and nearly 34 per cent, of all the swine in the State. The im- 
mense cattle and sheep interests of the peninsular portion of the State account 



39 



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for the low percentage in 
number of these animals in 
this section; while the per- 
centage of valuation of all 
live stock, as given by the 
Census returns of i88o 
(over 40 per cent, for the 
ten counties named), shows 
the fact that the importa- 
tion and growing of im- 
proved breeds and superior 
animals largely predomi- 
nates in this region. 

Besides the articles 
named in the table, this 
fertile region produced, in 
1879, over 42 per cent, of 
all the peaches, and over 
25 per cent, of all the honey 
in the State; demonstrating 
beyond question that 
Northern Florida is not 
such a wilderness that that 
delectable mixture so often 
prescribed for bad colds, 
and vulgarly known as 
" peach and honey," is en- 
tirely unknown. 

Great quantities of but- 
ter, (187,715 pounds); eggs, 
(391,841 dozen), and 
poultry, (202,622 head), 
were produced by these 
counties in 1879; while the 
quantity of garden produce, 
both for home consump- 
tion and for shipment 
abroad, raised along the 
line of the road is almost 
beyond computation or be- 



40 

lief. About 5,000 packages of vegetables, including Irish potatoes, were shijiped 
during the season of 1882 from Tallahassee; nearly 3000 packages, besides 21 
carloads (about half a crop) of melons were shipped from Live Oak; nearly 12,000 
packages were shipped from Lake City; while Madison, Monticello, Houstoun, 
Welborn, and other stations were largely represented. Wool, hides, wax, moss, 
lumber and naval stores of all kinds are also exported in immense quantities. 

Only five of the counties named, furnished for the Census of 1880 their sta- 
tistics of the orange product. These five return over 11,000 bearing trees, yield- 
ing in 1879 nearly 4,000,000 oranges, worth about $60,000. Oranges are raised 
however (and have been for the past fifty or more years), in every county in 
the list for home consumption; and of a quality unsurpassed by any in the 
State. It is only of late years that any attention has been given to the planting 
of young groves, of which, however, at this time large numbers are growing 
finely in almost every county named. The extreme cold of December, 1880, 
injured many of the old trees and killed some to the ground. Most of those in- 
jured have so far recovered as to be now bearing heavily, while those which 
were killed to the roots have so far recovered their growth as to bear next year 
or the year following. The orange industry is not quite so certain a one as in 
the peninsula, but it is quite as certain a crop as the peach crop in the North; 
and with the same care and attention bestowed upon the trees as in the so-called 
" orange belt," would yield quite as remunerative and almost as certain yearly 
returns as there. 

The compilers of this pamphlet are indebted to the courtesy of Hon. A. A. 
Robinson, Commissioner of the State Bureau of Immigration, and Mr. R, C. 
Long, Secretary of the Bureau, for free and frequent access to the latest Census 
bulletins and other sources of information to be found in their office in the State 
Capitol, as well as for the use of advance sheets of the new immigration pam- 
phlet, just from the press of the Floridian office at Tallahassee, a copy of which 
will be forwarded promptly, on application to the Commissioner, with six cents 
for postage. 

CLIMATIC. 

We give below a carefully compiled table, showing the results of a series 
of observations taken by Mr. W. A. Rawls, Druggist and Pharmacist, of 
Tallahassee, during the year 188 r, which were published weekly in the Flo- 
ridian newspaper of that city. The table shows the climate of Middle Florida 
in its most unfavorable aspect, as the summer of 1881, as is well known, was, 
not only in Florida, but throughout the United States, one of the hottest and 
dryest known for many years. Notwithstanding this fact, the table amply 
demonstrates that the climate is one of the most equable, temperate and de- 



41 

siiuble in the Union, not only for the development of every agricultural and 
horticultural interest, but for constant residence the year around : 





¥.¥ 




%i 


i% 


it 


it 


it 


i^ 


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%<\\^ 


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is 


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p. 


£ 


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P 


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12 


IS 


% 


1881— Month. 


^5p^ 


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^5 


g<M 


S2 


§- 




£2 




coco 


C o 






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Q*^ 


-^^ 


Date. 


Deg. 


Date. 


Deg. 


Date. 


Deg. 


Date. 


Deg. 


Date. 


Deg. 


Date. 


Deg. 




48.3 57.1 


51.8 


52.4 


20th 


64 


19th 


73 


17th 


66 


1st 


S3 


1st 


39 


2d 


82 


February 

March... 


53.21)8.9 


56 1 


56 1 


26th 


70 


1st 


77 


1st 


68 


Uth 


KSi 


13th 


37 


13th 


35 


58.503.0 


60 


60.5 


29th 


70 


18th 


76 


18th 


71 


25th 


44 


22d 


46 


22d 


45 


April 


66.6,72.8 
74.5i84.6 


Si 


69.5 
79.5 


30th 
Uth 


80 

78 


30th 
14th 


88 
90 


26th 
Uth 


87 
86 


2d 
12th 


47 
70 


1st 
23d 


54 

75 


l.st 
22d 


49 


Zy .:.:. 


74 


June 


80.089.8 


84 5 


84 8 


15th 


86 


19th 


96 


22d 


92 


6th 


76 


26th 


79 


Rth 


76 


July 


81. 2189. 4 


84 7 


85.1 


9th 


86 


23d 


97 


8th 


92 


4th 


73 


2d 


81 


2d 


76 


Aueust 


75.386.8 


82,7 


81 6 


22d 


82 


22(1 


94 


13th 


90 


17th 


72 


5th 


77 


5th 


74 




75.8187.4 


82.? 


81, )< 


12th 


82 


3rt 


94 


3d 


90 


21.st 


72 


21st 


80 


25th 


75 


October 


71. 082. S 


76 8 


76.8 


19th 


78 


5th 


87 


10th 


82 


21st 


66 


25th 


74 


23d 


71 




59.270.2 


65.8 


65.1 


8th 


72 


2d 


78 


9th 


76 


25th 


«a 


25th 


52 


24th 


45 


December 


56.367.0 


59.7j61.0 


Uth 


68 


3d 


76 


2d 


74 


16th 


39 


16th 


52 


16th 


42 



Average daily mean temperature for the year, 71.2 degrees. 
Highest range of thermometer, 97 degrees, on the 23d of July, at 2 P. M. 

Lowest range of thermometer, 32 degrees, on the l.st and 2iid of January, at 7 A. M. and 9 V. M.; the 
4th of February, at 7 A. M., and the 25th of November, at 7 A. M. 




Florida Central & Western R. R. 

CONNECTIONS. 



AT CHATTAHOOCHEE STATION, with the Pensacola & Atlantic 
Railroad for Marianna, Pensacola, Mobile, New Orleans, and all points in the 
West, North-west, and South-west ; with the Central and People's Line of 

Boats for Apalachicola, Eufaula, Bainbridge, Columbus, and all other points 
on the Chattahoochee, Flint and Apalachicola Rivers. 

At LIVE OAK with the Savannah, Florida & Western Ry. for Sa- 
vannah, Thomasville, Albany, and all points North, East and West; and with 
the Live Oak & Rowland's Blnflf R. R. for New Brandford and all stations 
on that Line. 

At BALDWIN with Florida Transit R. R. for Fernandina, Gainesville; 
Cedar Key, Ocala, Leesburg,Tampa and all Gulf ports. 

At JACKSONYILLE with Way Cross Short Line for Savannah, 
Macon, Atlanta, and all points North, East, West and South-west; with Baya's 
Fast Mail Line of Steamers for Tocoi, St. Augustine, Palatka, and interme- 
diate landings; also with the St. Johns River Fast Line for similar points, 
connecting with DeBary Line of Boats for Sanford, Enterprise, and all 
upper River landings. 

Eleg ant Coaches, Quick Time. Perfect Safety. 

For further information, apply to 

WILLIAM O. AMES, 

Gen'l Frgt. and Pass. Agt., 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 



Tallahassee Hotel 



HmilMASSEE, FLORIDIh 

-^^^^ >-. ^r-»-H ^^^^ 

W. H. HOWERTON, 

(Proprietor of the Warm Springs Hotel, North Carolina), 
Lessee. 

This splendid New Hotel, erected 1882 by the Tallahassee 
Hotel Co., a stock company of citizens, has been leased for 
a term of years to the well-known proprietor of the second 
largest hotel in the South, the Warm Springs Hotel, at 
Warm Springs, North Carolina, and 

Will be opened for business January 1 , 1883. 

The house contains upwards of sixty rooms, single and 
en suite, and is fitted for Gas and Water throughout, and 
supplied with every modern convenience for the comfort and 
enjoyment of its guests. 

Its Cuisine and Appointments will be inferior to none in 
the State. 

Applications for rates by the day, week or month, for 
families and parties, may be made by mail or telegraph, and 
will receive prompt attention. 



THE 






ST. JAMES 

Tallahassee, Florida. 




This new and elegant Hotel (the old "Lamb House" rebuilt) is now 
finished and ready for the accommodation of the Traveling Public. 
Centrally located. Upwards of thirty airy and comfortable rooms. 

RATES, $2.50 AND $3.00 PER DAY. 



GEO. A. LAMB, - - - Proprietor. 

BAYA'S FAST MAIL LINE, 

ST. JOHNS RIVER, 



The Elegant Saloon Steamers Sylvan Glen, Magnolia and Pastime, 
Jjeave Jacksonville Daily, except Sundays, for Palatka, 

and all way-stations. 



The Steamer Water Lily 

Leaves Jacksonville Daily, except Sundays, for New Berlin, 

Mayport and Fort George at the Mouth of the St. Johns River. 



For Schedules of leaving time, see local advertisements. 



H. T. BAYA, Owner and Manager. B. H. HOPKINS, Passenger Agent. 



DO NOT LEAYE 




FLORIDA^- 



WITHOUT MAKING A TRIP 



OVER THE 



Florifla Central & ffestern Railroad 



TO THE 



FAMOUS HILL COUNTRY. 




CAMPING ON THE FLORIDA LAKES, 



'> 



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Of rcitiiiA 



ISSUED BY THE PASSENGER DEPARTMENT 
—OF THE — 

FLORIDA CENTRAL & WESTERN RAILROAD. 




5^'' '' ' ''ISI^^-''' 




The Fla. Cent. R.R. 

Runs throng li the tract. 



Small payments, long: time, and ab» 
solutelj^ no forfeiture. People of the 
most moderate means may obtain an 

CHANGE GUOYE 

through our agency. 



Send for our GLEN ST. MAEY 
Circnlars. 



T 



Three Hundred Thousand Acres 



Splendid land in the Orange Belt, which we will locate for all applicants at ONE 
DOI.LAR AND FIFTY CENTS PER ACRE, all told. 

ORANGE GROVES! ^ ORANGE GROVES! 

AH sizes rnd all prices, for sale in the choicest locations. We will mail to all applicants 
excellent information about Florida ; also, maps. Enclose a stamp. 

COLONEY, TALBOTT &l CO., 

DEALERS IN 

Real Estate, and General Agts. f(u- the Improvement of Florida Lands, 



Room No. 13, 

Palmetto Block, 



39 Bay St., Jacksonville, Fla. 






LeRoy D. Ball, R. C. Long. 



Ball & Long, 

TALLAHASSEE, FLA., 

HAVE, AFTER TWO YEARS' WORK, COMPLETED A FULL 

Abstract of Title to Every Acre of Land in Leon County, 

AND ARE NOW PREPARED TO DO 

AI|ELIABLEBuSI[tESSIN[[EALEST>TE, 

LANDS BOUaST AND SOLD ON OOMm/sSION. 



Abstracts of Title Furnished. 

Taxes Paid. 



Land Sold for Tax^'es Redeemed. 



Maps of County, or Plats of Particular Tracts, Furnished upon Application. 



A great number of Choice Properties, large and small, now In 

our hands for Sale, suited to Fruit and Vegetable 

Farms, Dairies, &c. 



RELIABLE INFORMATION 

will be given upon all matters inquired of by non-residents or parties prospecting, 
and correspondence upon such subjects solicited. 



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